Natural Vegetation of your Area Take

The natural vegetation of your suburb A Pre-European Vegetation Community of Sydney The pre-European vegetation community of Sydney was made up of grassy woodlands. The grass in these woodlands was tall and perennial. The woodlands had a variety of large wild flowers. Shrubs were also present in these woodlands. The examples of these wild flowers and shrubs were the yams, wattles, and peas (Benson 6).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Natural Vegetation of your Area Take-home lab assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pre–European vegetation in Sydney had a range of vegetation. They ranged from fire tolerant to fire intolerant vegetation. The Bushes were very thick. This was because there was no careless clearing of bushes. In addition, cases of fire in these areas during Pre-European vegetation period were very rare. In Sydney, different grass boxes grew as a result of high nutrient soils and high rai nfalls. Trees like Leptospermum spp and Eucalyptus camaldulensis were dominant on the river banks (Benson 6). At the coast, there were mangroves, salt marshes, and sea grass. This vegetation grew in bays and estuaries. Last, the tablelands had peat bogs and lagoon in the low lying areas (Benson and Howell 8). In conclusion, pre-European vegetation in Sydney was mainly made up of trees, grass, shrubs, and wild flowers. Changes to this vegetation community in the Post European Period Sydney’s basin covers a large region from the Bowen basin to the Gunnedah basin. It has Premo-Triassic sediments on the onshore side and over 5000 meters of sediments on the offshore. The basin overlies an area of carboniferous and volcano-clastic sediment that indicates intense geo-morphological changes before the period of the basin formation. Geologists believe that the Sydney’s basin was formed during the early Permian period. The current Sydney’s offshore is a migration path for many people each year. However, the onshore has become a hub for several cities because of their attractive features. In 1820, Sydney’s suburbs experienced cases of frequent fires (Attenbrow 42). The effects of these fires can be seen in some parts of Sydney.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Factors which influence Sydney vegetation The geology and geomorphology of the Sydney Basin and how your suburb fits into this region Geologists believe that Sydney took its shape during the expansion of the earth crust. The prior stages of development came about when the continental rift was filling the marine volcanic sediments. As a result of coal deposits, the upper parts of the Sydney’s basin had a quartz sand stone covering. This sand stone covering is known as the Hawkesbury Sandstone. The deposits of Hawkesbury were made available by rivers flowing into this region. The accum ulation of sediments led to the formation of a thin cap of shale on the sand stones. The late stage of basin filling is a representation of the north-eastern bio-region that sometimes experiences volcanic eruptions. The coastal side has got most of Sydney’s mountains and escarpments. The blue mountain has a frontal slope made from lap stone monocline (Attenbrow 43). Most of the Sydney’s basin is an elevation of sand stone plateau. The rest of the basin is a hunter plateau, and a low-land Cumberland plain (Benson and Howell 160). In fitting to my suburb, Sydney Central Business District (CBD), there emerges a difference between my suburb and the geology and geomorphology of Sydney basin. One can hardly recognize the features that were present in the earlier Sydney’s geology and geomorphology in my current suburb. The shorelines in my suburb do not have sand stone ledges, sand beaches, or sand banks at the river mouth. These characteristics were present on early S ydney’s basin. The hills at the bank of the tank stream lack a covering of Hawkesbury sand, which was also a key feature of the Sydney’s basin. What are the important climatic variables that influence the distribution of vegetation communities across Sydney? How does your suburb fit into this regional climate? There are different climatic factors that influence on the distribution of vegetation across Sydney. These factors include temperature, rainfall and soil chemistry (Eamus et al. 7). First, there are changes in the rainfall patterns. These changes have affected growth of vegetation especially the vegetation that relies on high rainfalls. Second, the resulting warming has led to the melting of mountain ice capes leading to frequent flooding. Flooding destroys the vegetation and also leads to soil erosion. Last, the decreasing soil fertility contributes to the destruction of the native forests. Vegetation does not reach maturity because the soils are not fertile eno ugh to provide for a large population of vegetation.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Natural Vegetation of your Area Take-home lab assignment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In my suburb, there has been clearing of vegetation that can attract rainfall. This clearing has left many mountains and hills under soil erosion threats, reducing the number of native vegetation. How do geology and climate influence the vegetation of your suburb? Sydney CBD suburb has low soil nutrient content. It is only the soil within the rocks that is fertile (Benson and Howell 43). The remaining soil in other areas is infertile. In addition, there has been a destruction of most landforms in my suburb. This destruction affects vegetation distribution because various landforms that support different types of vegetation are destroyed. Climate also affects vegetation distribution in Sydney CBD suburb. The clearing down of the vegetation for the purpose of constructing buildings has led to a change in climate. The increase in temperatures has led to cases of wetlands drying in Sydney CBD suburbs. Drying of wet lands has led to a reduction in the number of swampy vegetation available in Sydney. For example, there is a reduction in the population of mangroves. Compare vegetation in the suburb with another region in Sydney. Explain the differences in vegetation Auburn is different from other suburbs that surround Sydney. In this suburb, cases of forests clearance are low compared to the Sydney’s CBD suburb. Benson and Howell describe Auburn region as a region in which developments were low until World War I (46). Unlike Sydney’s CBD suburb, Auburn experiences substantial rainfall. This rainfall is enough for the growth of vegetation in this region. In Auburn region, one can find remnants of indigenous trees that are rare in other places. The difference between vegetation distribution in Auburn suburb and Sydney’s suburb results from the development factor. The underdeveloped nature of Auburn until World War I was important in avoiding clearing of the forestlands in this region. Conversely, Sydney’s CBD suburbs experienced developments before World War I resulting in land clearing and hence reducing the vegetation population.Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Endangered Ecological Communities in your area Endangered Ecological Community’ in your region In the Sydney’s CBD suburb, the mangroves are the endangered ecological community. During the pre–European community vegetation period, mangroves were available at the coasts, swamps and at the river banks. During this time, a botanist could easily locate the mangroves on the valleys of Tank Stream (Benson and Howell 42). The mangroves in this period were plenty because soils in this region had high nutrients and the land had abundant rainfall. Currently, it is harder for a botanist to locate mangroves when examining cloves in the Sydney’s CBD. This is a result of two different events. First, there has been a destruction of the land forms that favor the growth of mangroves. Second, the swamps in Sydney are drying up. This makes it hard for the mangroves to grow. The difference between endangered and vulnerable community and species The Threatened Species Convers ation act of 1995 has been vital in protecting the endangered and vulnerable species. Endangered species or communities refer to a community or species that are at risk of extinction as a result of existing in few numbers or the changing climate conditions. Vulnerable community or species refer to the species that are likely to become an endangered species in the near future. The International Union for Conservation Nature, IUCN, has the responsibility of recognizing and categorizing species. Species become vulnerable as a result of the adverse natural or manmade circumstances facing them. Unlike, the endangered species, vulnerable species can be abundant in number when the IUCN declares them to be vulnerable and as a result puts strategies that focus on conserving them. Key threatening Processes that are applicable to the community in 3.1. There are various threatening processes to the community of mangroves in the Sydney’s CBD suburb. These processes include the changing cl imate conditions, and the developments of Sydney’s suburb region. The changing climate conditions have led to the drying of swamps. Drying of swamps is a circumstance that threatens the future of the mangrove vegetation. The increasing development activities in Sydney’s suburb region are a threat to the mangroves community. In the process of constructing, the constructors destroy the basic land forms hence destroying the soil chemistry. The soils lose their fertility and become deficient in nutrients that nurture plants. In addition, the constructors have to clear the land for them to get enough space for construction processes. In conclusion, it is fair to state that it is the human activities that threaten the mangroves community in Sydney’s CBD. Works Cited Attenbrow, Val. Sydney’s Aboriginal Past: Investigating the Archaeological and Historical Records. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press Ltd, 2010. Print. Benson, Doug, and Howell Jocelyn. Tak en for Granted: The Bushland of Sydney and its Suburbs. Sydney: Kangaroo Press, 1990. Print. Benson, John. Setting the Seen: The native Vegetation of New South Wales. Sydney: Native vegetation Advisory Council of New South Wales, 1999. Print. Eamus, Derek, Tom Hatton, Peter Cook and Christine Colvin. Ecohydrology: Vegetation Function, Water and Resource Management. Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing, 2006. Print. This report on Natural Vegetation of your Area Take-home lab assignment was written and submitted by user MotherAskani to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Religion and Film

Religion and Film For a long time, studies linking religion and films have focused on describing the fidelity of films to religious texts, or their worth as tools in religious ministries and missions. In reality, films have been used to either portray religion as it was in the past, is currently or is expected to be in the future. Additionally, religious entities have used films to further their belief while some entities use films to criticize religion. Either way, the link is undeniable.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Religion and Film specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Ostwalt (1998), the author notes how watching the Seventh seal opened him to the idea of suing films as an extension in teaching religion. This basically affirms the existence of a factual link between religion and films worth using in expounding on religious issues to learners. The author highlights a number of benefits in using films can be used in teaching religion within classroom settings. These include student empowerment, instructiveness and motivation. He further notes that there quite a significant number of films which treat religion in a manner which elicits debate and as such open an avenue for evaluation of religion in depth (Ostwalt, 1998). For instance, he cites the Last Temptation of Christ, Jesus of Montreal, as well as the Scarlet Letter, among others (Ostwalt, 1998). Even then, there is no love lost between films and religion; some implicitly advance the role of religion in social well-being. It’s not only Ostwalt who acknowledges the link between religion and films, Lindvall (2004) provides a more detailed coverage of the relationship between religion and films. In the research, Lindvall, a lecturer at Duke Divinity School highlights how religion has been treated in films and vice-versa. From the satirical portrayals of the biblical stories in films, the use of films to represent contemporary religions, the re presentation of Roman Catholics and the Legion of Decency in films, as well as use of films to criticize some religious practices considered oppressive in the ancient and modern times (Lindvall, 2004). In the article, the author notes how film scholars have come to terms with the importance of religion in engineering the religious landscape that dots films. The author sites the films that take viewers through the past century exhibitions and the role that religion played in the same. Religious extremism, religious sadists, and use of religion as tool for power are among the most commonly highlighted themes in the films. The author further highlights the undeniable and predominant perception of religion in films from a negative and hostile point of view (Lindvall, 2004). It is noted that religion as a subject has received harsh treatment in various films which at times fail to portrayal religion as it rather opting to create a dinosaur out of cat just to meet its entertainment thresh olds.Advertising Looking for book review on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The hard reality though, is the fact that they ultimately elicit lots of discussion with respect to its portrayal of religion. It is the aftermath of such movies, he cites, that has seen some religions like Islam throwing in strong sentiments at any movie that attempts to puts spots to its credibility (Lindvall, 2004). However, Christian and contemporary religions have remained open to thrashing, ridicule and in some cases furtherance within a number of films. In conclusion, it’s important to note that both authors converge to one point, various films are intertwined to religion and impact on the fundamentals of the religion they address. The role of religion in film creation and the role of films in religion are worth studying in addition to providing an avenue for debates and discussion of religion. As Ostwalt (19 98) puts, films elicit hot debates that help students and the general public delve deeper into understanding religion. References Lindvall, T. (2004). Religion and Film. Part I: History and Criticism. Communication Research Trends, 23 (4-7), pp. 2-44. Ostwalt, C. (1998). Religion and Popular Movies. Journal of Religion and Film, 2(3)

Causes and Consequences of World War I

Belief in inevitability of war and advocacy of war to become supreme major cause for WW1. 5. Anglo-german naval rivalry Britain was supreme at sea and was challenged by germany. Britain couldnt accept this. The rivalry culminated in WW1. 6. Absence of international organisation Concert of europe was informal group of nations aftr napoleans defeat but couldnt control its member and didnt represent the entire free world. The system of pacific settlement of international disputes set up by the hague conference was unsatisfactory. And couldnt contain imperial rivalries. 7. Negative role of the press in creating war psychology despite attempts of governments to normalise their relations. 8. Autrian and serbian rivalry Austria-hungary wanted access to sea at the cost of slav territories and serbia represented slav nationalism. The two had contradictory aims. This led to a conflict of interest and was encouraged by the russian czar as well building grounds for war. 9. Personal ambitions of leader. Kaiser william II of germany, austra-hungary, russian leaders(czar and his wife). 10. The Sarajevo incident Annexation of bosnia-herzegovina by austria in 1908, 2 balkan wars, italian annexation of tripolo ,moroccan crisis along with the japanese threat to peace in the background, the assassination of the crown price of austria-hungary, archduke franze ferdinand with his wife in sarajevo june,1914 was a direct cause for WW1. Consequences The results of the great war were almost as numerous as its causes. By the end of the world war in 1918, american president woodrow wilson proposed peace and made a statement of war aims in his famous 14 points 1. Open covenant of peace,openly arrived at and Abolition of secret diplomacy 2. Absolute freedom of navigation at sea, outside territorial waters in peace and war except by international action. 3. Removal of eco barriers and establishment of equal trade conditions 4. Reduction in national armaments to the point only needed for domestic security 5. Free,open minded and impartial adjustment of all colonial claims 6. Evacuation of all russia territory and allowing its to politically develop in acc with her own national policy 7. Evacuation and restoration of Belgium 8. Same for france and return of alsace and Lorraine to it. 9. Readjustment of italian frontiers along clear line of nationality 10. Freest opportunity of autonomous devt for people of austria-hungary 11. Evacuation and restoration of romania,serbia and montenegro and free access to sea for serbia 12. Autonomous devt of the non turkish possessions of the sultan 13. Resurrection of independent polan with access to sea. 14. Formation of a general association of nations for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of pol independence and territorial integrity to small n great alike. These were accepted but not followed by the european nations of the peace conference and were later rejected by the american senate after woodrow wilson lost his popularity and presented them befre the senate. Paris peace conference Fightin in WW1 ended with complete surrender of germany in nov,1918. Representatives of allied and associated powers assembled at paris on 18 jan 1919 to draw a new map of europe and the world. Selection of paris as venue unfortunate decision. It was done to take revenge from germany for the french humiliation at the hall of mirrors in versailles aftr the french defeat in the franco-prussian war. The conference was a victors club as none of the leaders of the defeated countries attended it as they were allowed no say in the conference. The conference was dominated by 4 leaders- woodrow wilson, PM lloyd george of britain, PM of france george celemnceau, italian PM vittorio orlando. It was at this conference that the treaty of Versailles was signed, officially ending WW1 on 28th july 1919. Provisions of treaty of versailles 1. Territorial provisions territorial changes in respect of germany. †¢alsace and lorraine returned to france †¢eupene,malmady and mernet given to belgium east germany given to posen †¢ Parts of west prussia and silesia to poland. Poland given access to to sea at the cost of german by way of corridor in west prussia. †¢port memel and hinterland taken away but fate undecided. Later given to lithuania. †¢coal mining area of saar demanded by france by nt given to france. Only under temporary control of france. Aftr 15 years- plebiscite conducted whether saar wants to go to germany, france or remain with league of nations †¢ Ausrtia-hungary broken up into small states. New austria small ger speaking landlocked state. Due to fears of france, germany and austria prevented from uniting without permission of league of nations of which france was permanent member. †¢small german territory also given to czechoslovakia. †¢germany also lost all colonies which were taken up by other powers of league of nations. 2. Economic provisions of reparation. †¢War indemnity cudnt be imposed on germany because a)cost of war borne by allies impossible to return for germany b)woodrow wilson against war indemnity since war cost werent only borne by allies but also by defeated powers. so allies demanded compensation for indiscriminate bombing and loss of lives at the hands of germany †¢no payable amount was fixed. A reparation commission set up to determine the extent of civilian losses keeping in mind germanys capacity to pay back. †¢germany was to gives horses and cattle to france n belgium and coal to france,belgium n italy. It was to surrender it submarine telegraph cables to allies and surr ender all merchant ships more than 1600 tonnes. †¢default on part of germany was punishable by allies †¢customs union between Luxembourg and germany abolished to end german control over luxembourg economy. repartion commission submitted its report in april 1921 and total amount payable by germany was 6,600,000,000 pounds. †¢germany ws to giv trade facilities of certain commodities to allies. Acces to sea to Czechoslovakia and Switzerland. †¢german rivers and canal internationalised. 3. Disarmament †¢principle of reduction of arms incorporated in covenant of league. But it was not followed by allied powers. There were severe disarmament provisions for germany that made her a military cripple †¢army limited to 100,000 troops and 4000 officers. Recruitment only voluntarily. †¢navy limited to 6 battle ships,6 light cruisers,12 destroyers and 12 torpedo boats. No submarines. Strength of navy only 15000 men and 1500 officers. War ships in excess were to be dismantled. †¢debarred from having an air force and naval aircrafts. †¢german general staff abolished. Allied control commission set up to supervise enforce of these clauses. Set up ws to be funded by germany again. 4. War and guilt crimes †¢germany declared solely responsible for war by article 231 of treaty. german emporer kaiser william II was found guilty of violation of treaties and international law. He sought asylum in netherlands who refused to hand him over to allies for a trial. †¢german people could never accept that their country alone was responsible for the war. 5. Provisions regarding international organisation †¢1st part of treaty provided for the establishment of a world organisation to be known as league of nations. †¢ Its constitution,called covenant, was adopted at the paris conference and included all peace treaties. It was to consist of an assembly,council and secretariat. †¢ A permanent court of international justice and international labour organisation was to be set up. †¢ These bodies were meant to maintain peace,settle international disputes peacefully,punish countries who may break the covenant and improve social and economic life all over the world. The guarantees of the enforcement of the treat were written in part XIV according to which until successful execution of the treaty the entire Rhineland(west of rhine with bridgeheads) would be occupied by allied powers. Germany was ultimately reduced from a world power to an insignificant small power. She was forced to give up monarchy and accept democracy which was something the country wasnt prepared for. The treaty was so humiliating that the german had sworn revenge for it. The seeds for WW2 had been sown. Hitler later exploited this situation and imposed dictatorship in 1933 and began rearmament under the excuse that the allies had not reduced their armaments. This led to another arms race,violation of the treaty and eventually culminated in the second world war. Other treaties †¢treaty of st. ermain with austria on the model of treaty of versailles with excpetion of the reparation clause. †¢treaty of neuilly with bulgaria †¢treaty of tianon with hungary †¢treaties of sevres and luasanne with defeated turkey to separate its constituents and reduce military capacity and pay reparation Fall of Ottoman empire Its fall during the war created many newly independent middle eastern nation states which were quickly taken over by britain france etc. Economic depression The end of the war also caused a temporary economic bubble which soon popped and led to the great depression.

History 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

History 3 - Essay Example America aimed at the reconstitution of society by means of eradicating the existent monarchial society and its basics, which included the robust aspects of kinship, patriarchy, patronage, domination and so on. The eradication was to be accompanied by the substitution of the eradicated aspects with the elements of love, respect, consent, and equality. The dynamic target set by the American Revolution was the establishment of a moral government whose spillover effects would seep around the globe. The primal task of Americans was to introduce the idea of equality with respect to labor. In this respect the statement of Woods bears special significance, and it can be referred to as follows: â€Å"Perhaps nothing separated early-nineteenth-century Americans more from Europeans than their attitude toward labor and their egalitarian sense that everyone must participate in it† (qtd. in Launius). Divergence between these two revolutions can be related to their political extravaganza. The American political elites were highly experienced in their practical political experiences, and the leaders suggested more moral sophistication. In contrast with this, the authority of the then French government trickled down from the court and at the juncture when the French revolutionaries rose to power was driven by their speculations, and in this case the statement of Alexander Hamilton can be mentioned: I dread the reveries of your Philosophic politicians (qtd. in Brookhiser). The value placed on the national unity can be said to have varied, and with rigorous experimentation they built the government divided into the Republicans and Democrats. In this respect the statement of Governor Morris can be mentioned: â€Å"will act as an outward conscience, and prevent the abuse of power† (Brookhiser). In contrast, the French, who were uncertain about themselves, opted for a unitary state and that of a community of feeling. The National

Canadian Market Economic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Canadian Market Economic - Research Paper Example To accomplish this pure, here an effort has been to made to examine the macroeconomic structure of Canada. In chapter 1, the paper will discuss the economic and political structure of Canada, the economic social values of the country and characteristics of Canadian factors of production. Chapter 2 will explain the demand and supply structure of the Canadian economy. Finally, Chapter 3 will talk about the price control mechanism of the country. Chapter 1 1.1. Types of the economy and political structure Canadian economy is one of the wealthiest economies in the world as it is one of the top ten net exporters of energy. It is a member of OECD whose full form is Organization Of The Economic Cooperation And Development. As other developed nations, Canadian economy is also dominated by the service sector. There are two major economical sectors in Canadian economy. One is the service sector which comprises of seventy-five percent of the country’s population. The contribution of the service sector to Canada’s Gross Domestic Product is nearly about seventy percent. The other sector is the agricultural sector. Although this sector contributes only two percent to the country’s Gross domestic Product, a huge proportion of the labor force of the country is employed in the agricultural sector. ... His tenure is for about five years. (Lympany, n.d) The house of Parliament is situated in Ottawa, the capital city of Canada. The Canadian parliament consists of the Head of the state represented by the Queen, the Senate and the elected House of Commons. The Federal Government of Canada has the power to make laws on various subjects like defence, immigration, criminal law, international peace, border control and customs. (Lympany, n.d) 1.2 Social values of Canada One of the social values in Canadian culture is peace. Canadian people are basically peace loving people and that is very much reflected in their business dealings. Thus hostile business attitudes are not quite common in the Canadian market economy. Of course, competition is there in every economic sphere, but entrepreneurs are generally involved in healthy business competition. Another social value is that they maintain a unique blend of collective responsibility and individual autonomy. They also have an attitude of tolera nce and acceptance. Canada is also known for the level of economic freedom that it offers. In the world, one of the highest level of freedom in economic terms is available in Canada. (Canada25, 2010) 1.3. Characteristics of Canadian Factors of production There are various factors of production in Canadian economy. One of them is land. It is one of the primary factors of production. It is one of the natural resources gifted by GOD and its tangible. But its supply is limited to an extent. It cannot be moved from one place to the other nor can be destroyed. It varies in terms of fertility depending on the nature of location. In terms of land ownership, absolute ownership is not present in Canada. In this second largest country of the world, the

Online Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping Essay Online shopping (sometimes known as e-tail from electronic retail or e-shopping) is a form of electronic commercewhich allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. HISTORY English entrepreneur Michael Aldrich invented online shopping in 1979. His system connected a modified domestic TV to a real-time transaction processing computer via a domestic telephone line. his enabled closed corporate information systems to be opened to outside correspondents not just for transaction processing but also for e-messaging and information retrieval and dissemination, later known as e-business In March 1980 he went on to launch Redifons Office Revolution, which allowed consumers, customers, agents, distributors, suppliers and service companies to be connected on-line to the corporate systems and allow business transactions to be completed electronically in real-time. [3] During the 1980s[4] he designed, manufactured, sold, installed, maintained and supported many online shopping systems, using videotex technology The first secure retail transaction over the Web was either by NetMarket or Internet Shopping Network in 1994.[7]Immediately after, Amazon.com launched its online shopping site in 1995 and eBay was also introduced in 1995.[6] Alibabas sites Taobao and Tmall were launched in 2003 and 2008, respectively. Reasons for online shopping 1) Convenience: Where else can you do shopping, even at midnight, wearing your jammies? You don’t have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant helps you with your purchases. You can do your shopping in minutes even if you are busy, apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give us the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with ‘no pollution’ shopping. 2) Better Prices: I get cheap deals and better prices from online stores because products come to you directly from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. 3) Variety: One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on travel; you can shop from  retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you w ill find locally. If you find that the product you need is out of stock online, you can take your business to another online store where the product is available. 4) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses, on things like eating out, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. 5) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have firsthand experience with a product or retailer. 6) Crowds: If you are like me, you would like to avoid the crowds when you do the shopping. Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. 7) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shopkeepers’ upselling skills or we’ll compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 8) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online Shops enable me to purchase undergarments and lingerie or adult toys without the embarrassment that there are several people watching me and my choices. Product selection Consumers find a product of interest by visiting the website of the retailer directly or by searching among alternative vendors using a shopping search engine. Once a particular product has been found on the website of the seller, most online retailers use shopping cart software to allow the consumer to accumulate multiple items and to adjust quantities, like filling a physical shopping cart or basket in a conventional store. A checkout process follows (continuing the physical-store analogy) in which payment and delivery information is collected, if necessary. Some stores allow consumers to sign up for a permanent online account so that some or all of this information only needs to be entered once. The consumer often receives an  e-mail confirmation once the transaction is complete. Payment Billing to mobile phones and landlines[13][14] Cash on delivery (C.O.D.) Cheque/ Check Debit card Direct debit in some countries Electronic money of various types Gift cards Postal money order Wire transfer/delivery on payment Invoice, especially popular in some markets/countries, such as Switzerland Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies Product delivery Once a payment has been accepted, the goods or services can be delivered in the following ways. For physical items: Shipping: The product is shipped to a customer-designated address. Retail package delivery is typically done by the public postal system or a retail courier such as FedEx, UPS, DHL, or TNT. Drop shipping: The order is passed to the manufacturer or third-party distributor, who then ships the item directly to the consumer, bypassing the retailers physical location to save time, money, and space. In-store pick-up: The customer selects a local store using a locator software and picks up the delivered product at the selected location. This is the method often used in the bricks and clicks business model. For digital items or tickets: Downloading/Digital distribution:[15] The method often used for digital media products such as software, music, movies, or images. Printing out, provision of a code for, or e-mailing of such items as admission tickets and scrip (e.g., gift certificates and coupons). The tickets, codes, or coupons may be redeemed at the appropriate physical or online premises and their content reviewed to verify their eligibility (e.g., assurances  that the right of admission or use is redeemed at the correct time and place, for the correct dollar amount, and for the correct number of uses). Will call, COBO (in Care Of Box Office), or at the door pickup: The patron picks up pre-purchased tickets for an event, such as a play, sporting event, or concert, either just before the event or in advance. With the onset of the Internet and e-commerce sites, which allow customers to buy tickets online, the popularity of this service has increased. Types of Buying Behaviour. There are four types of buying behaviour. 1. Complex buying behaviour is where the individual purchases a high value brand and seeks a lot of information before the purchase is made. 2. Habitual buying behaviour is where the individual buys a product out of habit e.g. a daily newspaper, sugar or salt. 3. Variety seeking buying behaviour is where the individual likes to shop around and experiment with different products. So an individual may shop around for different breakfast cereals because he/she wants variety in the mornings! 4. Dissonance reducing buying behaviour is when buyers are highly involved with the purchase of the product, because the purchase is expensive or infrequent. There is little difference between existing brands an example would be buying a diamond ring, as people believe there is little difference between diamond brand manufacturers.

Identifying Two Unknown Species of Bacteria Essay -- Escherichia Coli

Identifying Two Unknown Species of Bacteria Materials and Methods Week 1, Day 1 (10 November 2000) The first day an unknown sample was assigned to each group of students. The first test applied was a gram stain to test for gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. The morphology of the two types of bacteria was viewed under the microscope and recorded. Then the sample was put on agar plates using the quadrant streak method for isolation. There were three agar plates; one was incubated at room temperature, the second at 30 degrees Celsius, and the third at 37 degrees Celsius. By placing each plate at a different temperature optimal growth temperature can be predicted for both species of bacteria. Week 1, Day 2 (12 November 2000) After 48 hours of incubation the agar plates were viewed. Individual colonies were tested for successful isolation by gram staining and then viewing the stained bacteria under a microscope. Isolation was successful. One colony of each unknown bacteria was transferred to an agar slant for growth. The agar slants were stored at room temperature over the weekend so that they would not grow too much. Week 2, Day 1 (17 November 2000) After 5 days of growth each slant was tested using the gram staining technique to confirm the complete isolation of the bacteria. Both isolations were completely successful. Then each sample of bacteria was subjected to a series of tests for identification. One bacterium was gram negative. It underwent four different tests. These tests were the EMB test (Eosin Mehylene Blue), the Sulfur Indole Motility (SIM) test, the Urease test, and the Simmon’s Citrate Utilization test. The EMB test checks for a bacteria’s ability to ferment lactose. This test is accomplished by placing the bacteria on Eosin Methylene Blue agar. The agar is selective for gram negative bacteria and those bacteria that can ferment lactose will have colored growth, usually a metallic green sheen. The Sulfur Indole Motility agar tests for three separate characteristics; sulfur reduction, indole production, and motility. The SIM medium is a semisolid medium; this facilitates the motility test. The medium contains sulfur, if the bacterium has the ability to reduce sulfur the medium will turn black. The medium also contains tryptophan. If the bacterium has the enzyme tryptophanase, indole will be ... ...indole, it is motile, there is no urease present and there is no coagulase activity. By deduction and logical reasoning Unknown 10a was determined to be Escherichia coli. Unknown 10b is Staphylococcus epidermidis. According to Bergey’s Manual Staphylococcus bacteria are gram positive spherical cells that occur singly, in pairs or in irregular clusters. Unknown 10b was gram positive, spherical and occurred in clusters. Bergey’s Manual also says the bacteria grow well in high salt concentrations. Unknown 10b grew well on the mannitol salt agar. The optimum growing temperature is 30-37 degrees Celsius (Bergey’s Manual). Unknown 10b grew best at 37 degrees Celsius. The lab manual and past lab results confirmed all other test results. Unknown 10b was only able to use gamma lysis, it was unable to ferment mannitol and had no coagulase activity. When comparing to past labs it is confirmed that Unknown 10b is Staphylococcus epidermidis. Unknown #10 contained two bacteria they are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. References 1.Holt, John G. et al Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1994. 2.Merkel, Brian Microbiology Laboratory, 2000.

More Human Than Human

More Human than Human is the first episode of the BBC series entitled How Art Made the World. This documentary discusses on how people in the past rarely use realistic human images. From little figurines, to cave paintings and murals, and up to towering statues, Dr. Nigel Spivey investigates on how this has become so. The relics discovered were observed to have some body parts that were exaggerated while others were completely ignored. These exaggerated parts are said to have certain significance to the people who created them. Dr. Ramachandran, a neurologist, explains a theory in which the brain tends to recognize certain things that will stimulate the body. A few thousand years later, Egyptian art was found to have been expressed through mathematical approaches rather than exaggerations. They chose to show human body parts from their clearest angles. On the other hand, the Greeks wanted to create realistic images. When the two cultures clashed, an artistic revolution ignited and the Greeks reproduced their realistic human images in exact and perfectly measured dimensions. But later on, they abandoned this realism and went back to exaggerating. Over the years, exaggeration points have changed according to the preference of the humans. Exaggerating is said to make the images more interesting. In Asia, human images are very culturally influenced. The Chinese and Japanese give more details to the facial features and clothing. They make it look more like how their people look like. From the hats, to the slit eyes, beards and mustaches, and to the long, flowing robes, the images seem more realistic. However, their statues and figures of Buddha and other gods have exaggerated features as well. The statues of Buddha are usually portrayed in squat position but accessories and features differ according to the people. Some have body parts which are not proportional with each other and others have certain features that satisfy their culture and religion. Exaggeration changes over time as the taste of the people changes. What is pleasing to the eye in one generation might be completely unpleasant to another. Culture and religion also have their own effect on the preferences of people. While exaggerated sexual parts stimulate fertility for some, these types of exaggerations might wholly step unto others' principles. However, Art is a personal expression. Therefore, the pleasant or unpleasantness of an art is dependent upon the creator, while the observer also has his own personal inclination.

Self-recommendation Essay

I am convinced to say that my secondary school life is not in vain because I have acquired both academic knowledge from lessons and practical experience from various extracurricular activities. Being a leader in the Scout, I realized that organization, time management and communication are of paramount importance in leadership. Being a senior patrol leader, I engaged in planning meetings for the scout members. In addition to briefing and communicating with the whole troop of scouts, I had to cooperate well with teachers in order to convey the messages clearly from teachers to all the scout members as well as consolidating the spirit of scouts. To become a more capable leader in a team, I would like to make progress in my leadership skill, especially the organization and management skills, and to capitalize on different aspects. Therefore, I determine to have further study on management, contributing myself to help people to organize and manage their business. Apart from leadership, I feel satisfied as long as helping someone who is in need. Through studying in science subjects, I found that nowadays advanced technology is established by the forerunners who devoted themselves to this industry, such as Steve Jobs. Definitely, the development in science and technology has brought convenience to our life. Although I am not going to become an inventor, I am willing to have further study on science technology in order to light up people’s life. Thus, I am enthusiastic in studying subject related to science and technology to equip myself to help people. All in all, I have recognized myself in the past few years. To show the gratitude to my teachers and friends, I would endeavor to show my best positive light on different fields. I look forward to my new journey in the future.

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley An analysis of some of the themes and motifs in Shelleys novel

Frankenstein by Mary Shelley An analysis of some of the themes and motifs in Shelleys novel Adham KarimAlienation Isolation in FrankensteinMary Shelley develops the theme of alienation and isolation and its consequent increase of hostility through various characters throughout her novel Frankenstein. The theme may have originated from various elements, including Mary Shelley's father, William Godwin, who felt that the isolated individual would become vicious. This idea was shared by Shelley and manifested in the characters, Victor Frankenstein and his monster (The Journals of Mary Shelley). These two individuals were not born hostile, however, but were driven to perform their hostile actions in order to force the acknowledgement of their existence.A third character with whom Shelley identifies the theme of isolation would be Robert Walton, the seafaring adventurer who is narrating the story. Although he is surrounded by a ship full of men, Walton confides early on to his sister that he feels isolated because none of the members of his crew could "keep hardly a word with me ."Manuscript page from Frankenstein by Mary ShelleyFurthermore, Shelley portrays Walton's isolation through his instant friendship with Frankenstein, and intellectual being.From early in the story, the reader can visualize Frankenstein's isolation when speaking of his youth. He says that his father was the only one who had educated him when he was young; therefore, he never attended any formal schools, or interacted with many children his age. It is this type of isolation that will later lead to Frankenstein's creation of the demon.Frankenstein, at college, had found a keen interest in natural philosophy, and, because he wasn't accustomed to social interaction, had soon immersed himself in his studies, rather than meeting new acquaintances, unlike his friend Henry Clerval, who would always engage himself in conversation with new friends. In the midst of working hard to discover the "secret of life," Frankenstein lost all sense of morals and...

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hospitality Management - Essay Example Human resource department has to go an extra mile by offering effective services to the employees if an organization has to succeed. Competition in the hospitality industry especially in the UK make the human resource department of an organization to evaluate modalities, which it would use to win employees interest to service, they offer. The hotel commands a large workforce, which caters for clients who visit the hotel. Clients in the hospitality industry are sensitive to response their get from the hotels. This consideration influences the ability of human resources department to conduct its labour sourcing effectively or it would risks loosing clients. The paper analyses the strengths and weakness of human resource management of Parkes hotel. Human resource management is very essential in hospitality industry. Definition given to HRM suites the purpose it serves in the organizations. Perkes hotel boosts of its workforce that has demonstrated high ability of responding to the clien ts of the hotel. Its means that the core functions of the human resource department of the hotel are perfect. The functions include attracting, training, selecting, rewarding and assessment of employees, while providing leadership that complies with the existing labour laws (Landsbergis, 2009:2). HRM functions in Perkes hotel thus offers liaison with representatives from labour unions. The strength of the human resource department would translate to success of the organization. Perkes hotel has demonstrated to its employees that its recruitment process is effective. Many organizations find recruitment process as a daunting task because of failure to identify the right labour. The organization announces its vacancies through the organisation website. Many interested individuals find time to go through the required qualification before submitting their application. The recruitment process is usually competitive enabling the organisation to source for the right employees. Employee†™s treatment is crucial factor because it influences the work out put of an employee. Perkes hotel has been able to identify this factor as one of its strengths. The organisation has designed mechanism of ensures good treatment to its employees. Working hours is a factor that influences employee satisfaction. The organisation has designed flexible working hours for its employee in accordance with the labour laws (Landsbergis, 2009:6). Many employees of the organisation feel that their working condition is satisfactory. Working condition affects employee relation because it defines the attitude the employee would develop towards work. Adherence to the existing laws is important because it helps the organisation to achieve the desired results. For instance, sometimes the organisation faces the challenge of many customers during high seasons necessitating long working hours for the employees. The organisation has been able handle this challenge effectively by introducing work schedul e and overtime ratings, which acts as motivations to the employees. The overtime ratings pay employees for the extra service they offer to the organisation. Rewarding employees for extra performance is a common feature with this organisation. The HRM department usually conduct survey in various department of the organisation to identify exemplary performance. Once identified the organisation would offer reward that commensurate to the amount of effort

A French Joint Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

A French Joint Venture - Essay Example well, French construction materials company restructured the loss-making state-owned Huaibei Mining Company (HMC) by entering into the joint venture in 1994 and turned the company as profit making company in 1999 by implementing various structural reforms in labor, production, technology, and marketing.(Goodall 103). Entering into joint venture will help to acquire innovative know-how and skills. When China opened its market in 1978, it has become most attractive land for foreign direct investment (FDI) in the whole globe. It is to be observed that three-fourths of FDI attracted by China took the shape of Joint ventures (JV’s). JV offers distinct advantages like reduction in costs. A foreign JV partner may offer capital by way of cash, technology, machinery, know-how whereas the Chinese partner may offer factory land, building, skilled workers, and machinery. Collaborating a joint venture with the state-owned enterprises (SOE’s) in China frequently has raised issues for foreign companies as SOE’s are the distinct form of business entity with a diverse cultural setting. There is less freedom for foreign investors in JV’s as foreign partners have to operate in co-operation with the local SOE’s. By opening the doors for foreign investors, China is transforming to market economy from the centrally planned economy or government controlled economy. Earlier in the joint venture, the HMC Management had failed to keep its promise of granting financial rewards for good performance by employees. As the result, employees lost their faith in the management. HMC HR function was found to be disassociated from business goals and acted only as policemen or administrative function. (Goodall 105). As such, in JV, Lafarge encountered higher extent of complexity due to socio-economic, cultural, political and institutional divergence involved.